Perspectives on the Cold War, Decolonization, and the Vietnam War Essay

Points of view on the Cold War, Decolonization, and the Vietnam War - Essay Example what's more, the USSR entered the after war age as foes. Their opposition for overall incomparability shaped a marvel alluded to as the Cold War. The Second World War likewise helped to affix the pace of patriotism or self-rule in the previous settlements, in Europe. From 1945 to 1985, more than 90 countries (33% of the world’s masses) achieved self-rule from their states. As decolonization happened along with the Cold War, the two overall events had an incredibly close, just as interrelated past, with every one convincing the character and setting of the other. This paper will utilize different chronicled records to investigate the thoughts, observations and systems, which shaped the course of the Cold War and decolonization. Additionally, during the Cold War time, people summoned intense good stands in a world filled simultaneously with dread of one’s adversaries and reason to make conditions for a more promising time to come, fundamentally in Third World countries (S anders, Nelson, Morillion and Ellenberger 190). Utilizing the basic material and records from the segment in the reading material, Perspectives on the Cold War, Decolonization and the Vietnam War, this paper will clarify and investigate the verifiable setting in which these improvements happened and the particulars of good contentions made by people from the United States, the Soviet Union and Vietnam. In both assessment and talk, the Cold War was as often as possible saw and saw as an ethical campaign (Sanders, Nelson, Morillion and Ellenberger 190). It was likewise seen as a delayed undertaking between the privilege and an inappropriate. These gatherings saw themselves as the predominant and select model for the whole world. They each tried to utilize this view as a purpose behind their activities. To the individuals from the Soviet Union, Americans were aggressors, militarists, industrialist radicals and exploiters. To the Americans, then again, socialists were tricky, expansioni sts, despicable and aficionados. Hence, the virus war transformed into something definitely more than essentially a geopolitical endeavor to profit and draw in different authoritative reaches. The Cold War was additionally the premise of decolonization in a lot of Asia and Africa. Despite the fact that, resistance against European expansionism began much before the freedom bunch picked up force following the Second World War, much impact of decolonization was felt during the Cold War. Driven by instructed and decided elites, patriot developments both in Asia and Africa prepared their kin to battle for autonomy and oppose provincial position. In certain areas, the arrangement of political gatherings, just as the utilization of mass uprisings and open rebellion, constrained the colonizers to offer freedom in a genuinely serene and precise manner. In any case, in different locales, for example, Kenya, Algeria and Angola, the colonizers commandingly attempted to hold tight to power, and it prompted the arrangement of freedom developments, which caused real battling (Sanders, Nelson, Morillion and Ellenberger 191). Soviet’s contemplations of the U.S. furthermore, the Cold War As a pioneer of the USSR for over 20 years, Josef Vissarionovich Stalin was one of the most huge figures of the twentieth century (Sanders, Nelson, Morillion and Ellenberger 194). Stalin joined the Bolshevik Party, which means socialist and got perhaps the nearest teammate to socialism. Having carefully made sure about his political job by 1930, Josef dealt with various

Coming of Age Rituals Free Essays

Itercresco Make-up. High heels. Driving. We will compose a custom exposition test on Transitioning Rituals or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now Shaving. Dating. These are the vast majority of the endeavors that go with developing and turning into a youthful grown-up in the western culture. For some in the western culture, the transitioning custom is the remittance of these opportunities. In different cases and societies, the transitioning custom is regularly founded on profoundly established conventions and an elevated feeling of loftiness. Whatever they might be, transitioning customs are fundamental to our general public, to our internal development, and to our improvement as individuals. In this age, â€Å"young individuals be that as it may, don't out of nowhere feel grown-up after arriving at the milestone legitimate ages. Rather, they see these ages as speaking to beginning stages for adulthood instead of as things that quickly render them adult,† (Waters 171). The transitioning customs profit in building up an increased awareness of other's expectations to youthful grown-ups, which thus benefits our general public; these ceremonies cause an individual to feel prepared and as though they are genuinely making their mark. Now in their lives, youthful grown-ups are much the same as infant ocean turtles that have nearly made it to the sea; they are slithering to the custom that will â€Å"make† them a grown-up. Itercresco not just empowers young people to find their underlying foundations with regards to social qualities, strict otherworldliness, and pertinent generosity, which will help them in turning out to be gainful citizenry. With consideration regarding basic impression of â€Å"adulthood†, Itercresco intertwines practices, for example, volunteerism and heading off to a craftsmanship exhibition hall to urge the young to be inwardly, profoundly, truly, and monetarily free. â€Å"Itercresco†Ã¢â‚¬ the name is a mix of the Latin interpretations of the words â€Å"growing† and â€Å"journey†. The custom, which happens at sixteen years old, includes seven months living in the nation and town from which either the teenager’s mother’s or father’s family begins; the youthful grown-ups have the alternative to pick the locale they wish to additionally investigate. In the event that there is still family living in the town or city, the adolescent may burn through one out of the seven months with the family members on the off chance that they permit them to. In the event that the youthful grown-up no longer has family in that region, they will live all alone and off of the land however much as could be expected for the term of the seven months. The young people are sent away with 7,000 dollars and half of these assets must be utilized for humanitarian purposes. The remainder of the cash must persevere through the seven months, however they are permitted to look for some kind of employment. Actually, procurement of work is exceptionally empowered, as it will additionally fuel thoughtfulness regarding a capable persona. The assets for the charitable perspective can't just be given; it must be effectively used to profit the town or city. These days, readiness of the nation’s youth for the quick paced society they are exposed to is necessary. Itercresco tries to prepared young people for the â€Å"real world† by presenting them to society in a develop light and style. This age requires a balanced persona so as to be fruitful. Being refined is basic in our locale; information on great writing, film, craftsmanship, and music is by all accounts the need in the cutting edge time. For instance, outings to the Louver in Paris and Gershwin Theater in New York City can definitely give new points of view just as information not already present. Self-revelation and comprehension on a strict level is additionally a basic viewpoint to being a profitable citizen; worry of one’s internal identity and a feeling of mindfulness fill in as establishments for acting naturally adequate and autonomous. Investing energy submerged in finding out about the profound parts of various religions and inspecting one’s own perspectives on otherworldliness and religion can give incomprehensible knowledge and learnedness. A basic excursion to a mosque or place of worship can reveal insight into a horde of convictions and goals that may shape one’s future point of view. Offering back to the network and having an awareness of other's expectations for one’s condition is likewise a significant part of being a contributing gathering to one’s network. Anything from helping with building homes for residents dislodged by cataclysmic events to singing for the older can produce a feeling of commitment to one’s shared trait and condition. Itercresco and its different parts effectively set up exercises in lieu of creating and generating fruitful and contributing citizenry that can keep up stable work and splendid connections, for instance. The transitioning custom guarantees that a feeling of autonomy and strength will be met toward the finish of the excursion since it requires errands that fabricate and develop responsibility. From the start, the youthful grown-ups discover the revelation of the social qualities is generally jovial in Itercresco. The new comprehension of the garments, music, and expressive arts of their locale of cause ends up being a reviving part of the transitioning custom. In any event one show must be gone to just as one move execution, workmanship show or display, or heatrical execution. The youthful grown-up might possibly decide to adjust to garments styles, however while going to shows or exhibitions, the individual in question must wear clothing comparative or indistinguishable from the residents of the region. In further assessment of the social parts of the area, the motivation behind Itercresco tries to instruct and engage youthful grown-ups with their own underlying foundations and incep tions. Itercresco requests a feeling of feeling associated with one’s legacy while guaranteeing the adolescent is having a genial encounter. The investigation of the way of life will assist the juvenile with becoming all the more balanced and refined, which will thus better set them up to take an interest and chat viably in the public eye. Self recognizable proof and otherworldly revelation are the most significant points of view of Itercresco; they offer the youthful grown-up a chance to discover who they are as an individual, what they look for their lives, and what they will depend on as their stone and fortification. Itercresco urges youthful grown-ups to find out about the local religion so as to extend information on their own underlying foundations and even maybe to decidedly impact the otherworldly excursion. In no way, shape or form is the youthful grown-up to have the local religion constrained upon them; the youthful grown-up is urged to think about every strict inclining while taking other factors into consideration and find for oneself what they need profoundly. To all the more likely comprehend the region’s roots, youthful grown-ups learn and comprehend the normal creation story most of the residents accept. They can decide to uncover and find out about the creation story by asking family, neighbors, residents, or by inquiring about through books and different compositions. The youthful grown-ups are additionally expected to investigate the ethereal journeys of their predecessors to all the more likely comprehend where they originate from. They are additionally urged to diary their advancement through their powerful endeavors all through the multi month term. The reason for this segment of Itercresco is to set up autonomy. Thinking and feeling for oneself, just as having control and information over one’s feelings and strict or otherworldly convictions, is a critical advance towards adulthood and building up one’s inclination. This self-sufficiency is urgent to being a grown-up in our post-present day society. From a theoretical perspective, if a family disaster or something to that affect happened, a staff over one’s feelings and activities is normal. Subsequently, why individual comprehension is advanced during Itercresco. The generosity part of Itercresco is the most close to home of the revelation perspectives. It takes the youthful grown-ups heart and tasks in into something that will profit the network from which they acquire their way of life. The youthful grown-ups will pick something that isn't just near their souls, however something that can genuinely profit the network. The mission is to offer back to the locale that participated in building up their reality. During the charity, if assets or assets miss the mark, they are liable for recuperating what they have to finish the magnanimity; they can take gifts or utilize any profit from employments they have done. The charity can length from anythingâ€from giving school supplies to building a nursery to economically develop food. The potential outcomes are inestimable. The youthful grown-ups pick an errand that will contact their own lives just as the lives of others in the network. The immature isn't just playing out the charity to get done with the specific zone of Itercresco. Each shared trait has necessities and Itercresco’s establishment puts together and prides itself with respect to association with legacy; who better than to help in satisfying the requirements of a masses than a person whom gets their underlying foundations from said an area? After the altruism is finished, a book of photographs and diaries is ordered to help people in the future in their charity. The people group effort is essential to Itercresco, as it will decide the empathy and administration they are eager to offer back to the network; this is basic as this is the thing that stands to be the foundation of society. Satisfying the various territories of Itercresco consolidate to be useful to one’s development just as their inalienable development as an individual. Finding and investing energy drenched in one’s roots enables an individual to all the more likely comprehend one’s legacy; knowing oneself aides who an individual toward individualized personality. Youthful grown-ups are intended to gather understanding, information, and another feeling of freedom from Itercresco. Julia Alvarez adequately states in her work, Once Upon a Quinceanera, that her own custom gave her â€Å"a new network to have a place with

EtG Test for Confirming Alcohol Abstinence

EtG Test for Confirming Alcohol Abstinence Addiction Alcohol Use Print EtG Test for Confirming Alcohol Abstinence By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on October 09, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on October 15, 2019 Peter Dazeley Collection/Photographers Choice/Getty Images More in Addiction Alcohol Use Binge Drinking Withdrawal and Relapse Children of Alcoholics Drunk Driving Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery The ethyl glucuronide (EtG) test is widely used to detect the presence in the urine of ethyl glucuronide, a breakdown product of ethanol, the intoxicating agent in alcohol. It can also screen for EtG in your blood, hair, and nails, but the urine test is the most widely used.  The main purpose of an EtG test is to document?  alcohol abstinence. What the EtG Test Is Used For The test for EtG is widely used to detect alcohol abstinence in situations that do not allow drinking, including: Alcohol treatment programs??A DUI or DWI programLiver transplant patients??Schools or the militaryProfessional monitoring programs (for example, airline pilots, healthcare professionals, attorneys)Court cases (for example, child custody)Probation programs Its important to note that the EtG test is not recommended for use in workplace testing programs as it does not measure current impairment from alcohol. Detection Time Frame The EtG test is quite sensitive and can detect even low levels of alcohol. In fact, the test can detect alcohol in the urine up to five days after consumption. In studies of participants without alcohol-use disorders, EtG has been detected in urine samples for up to 80 hours (3.3 days) after heavy alcohol exposure. Limitations A problem with the EtG test is that it can produce a positive test from the mere exposure to alcohol thats present in many daily use products.?? Examples of environmental or home products that contain alcohol include: Foods prepared with or flavored with alcoholCleaning productsMouthwashesBreath spraysHand sanitizersHygiene products like antiperspirantAftershaveCosmeticsHair dye The reality is that there are hundreds of household products that contain ethanol, according to the National Library of Healths Household Products Database, and exposure to them could possibly lead to a false positive on the EtG test. Interpreting Results The following cutoff values have been proposed: High positive EtG test (for example, 1,000ng/mL) may indicate: Heavy drinking on the same day or the previous day??Light drinking on the same day as the test Low positive EtG test (for example, 500 to 1,000ng/mL) may indicate: Heavy drinking within the last one to three daysLight drinking within the last 24 hoursRecent intense exposure to environmental products containing alcohol (within the last 24 hours)?? Very low positive EtG test (for example, 100 to 500 ng/mL) may indicate: Heavy drinking within the last one to three daysLight drinking within the last 12 to 36 hours??Recent exposure to environmental products containing alcohol SAMHSA lists EtG as a test that can help both rule in or rule out whether someone has been drinking with high accuracy. The EtG test accurately detects a person who recently consumed alcohol 70 percent or more of the time. One study showed that for moderate to heavy drinking, this number jumps to 85 percent. A Word From Verywell All in all, the EtG test is considered a highly useful test for detecting recent alcohol consumption. But like any test, there is the possibility for a false positive. This is why a positive test should be confirmed either with another test or with verification from the person that he or she did indeed drink alcohol.   Hopefully, as the research on EtG and other alcohol biomarkers unfold, there will be increasingly accurate ways to distinguish between true alcohol use and exposure to alcohol in environmental products.   How a CDT Test Detects Dangerous Alcohol Consumption

Social Media Has Changed Society s Priorities,...

Since the invention of the Internet, people have become indulged with its copious functions, from making advanced programs to learning how to do new projects to social media. Social media has evolved over the years, from Friendster to Myspace to Facebook, since the late 1990s, and people have incorporated it into their lives. It is the modern way for people to connect and communicate with anyone and everyone across the globe. Plus, social media is everywhere; people utilize it when they are on the bus, at the checkout line, and even when they are using the restroom. In Peggy Orenstein’s â€Å"The Way We Live Now: I Tweet, Therefore I Am,† she propounds that social media has altered society. Social media has changed society’s priorities, characteristics, and mentality. We live in a world now where we have never been more connected while being more alone. Instead of spending hours on the phone or with our close friends and family, it is now much more convenient to simply tweet, Instagram, or post our feelings on Facebook. Orenstein reveals while she is spending time with her daughter, â€Å" a part of my consciousness had split off and was observing the scene from the outside: this was, I realized excitedly, the perfect opportunity for a tweet† (Orenstein, 347). Orenstein made the conscious, yet somehow detached, decision to post her personal life on social media, instead of fully indulging in the moment. People have allowed social media to overtake both their social lives andShow MoreRelated The Perpetuation of Racism in Canada by the Mainstream News Media3990 Words   |  16 Pagesthe Mainstream News Media Canada is internationally renowned for its commitment to multiculturalism. In fact, Canada was the first nation to officially adopt a multicultural policy. 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Battle of Contreras - Mexican-American War - Battle of Padierna - Winfield Scott

Battle of Contreras - Conflict Dates: The Battle of Contreras was fought August 19-20, 1847, during the Mexican-American War (1846-1848). Armies Commanders United States Major General Winfield ScottMajor General William Worth8,500 men Mexico General Antonio Lopez de Santa AnnaGeneral Gabriel Valencia5,000 men Battle of Contreras - Background: Though Major General Zachary Taylor had triumphed in a series of victories at Palo Alto, Resaca de la Palma, and Monterrey, President James K. Polk decided to shift the focus of the American war effort from northern Mexico to a campaign against Mexico City. Though this was largely due to Polks concerns about Taylors political ambitions, it was also supported by intelligence reports that an advance against Mexico City from the north would be exceptionally difficult. As a result, a new army was formed under Major General Winfield Scott and instructed to capture the key port city of Veracruz. Coming ashore on March 9, 1847, Scotts command moved against the city and captured it after a twenty-day siege. Constructing a major base at Veracruz, Scott began making plans to advance inland before yellow fever season arrived. Moving inland, Scott routed the Mexicans, led by General Antonio Là ³pez de Santa Anna, at Cerro Gordo the following month. Pressing on, Scott captured Puebla where he paused to rest and reorganize through June and July. Resuming the campaign in early August, Scott elected to approach Mexico City from the south rather than force the enemy defenses at El Peà ±Ãƒ ³n. Rounding Lakes Chalco and Xochimilco his men arrived at San Augustin on August 18. Having anticipated an American advance from the east, Santa Anna began redeploying his army to the south and assumed a line along the Churubusco River (Map). Battle of Contreras - Scouting the Area: To defend this new position, Santa Anna placed troops under General Francisco Perez at Coyoacan with forces led by General Nicholas Bravo to the east at Churubusco. On the west end of the Mexican line was General Gabriel Valencias Army of the North at San Angel. Having established his new position, Santa Anna was separated from Scott by a vast lava field known as the Pedregal. On August 18 Scott ordered Major General William J. Worth to take his division along the direct road to Mexico City. Moving along the east edge of the Pedregal, this force came under heavy fire at San Antonio, just south of Churubusco. Unable to flank the Mexicans due to the Pedregal to the west and water to the east, Worth elected to halt. As Scott pondered his next move, Valencia, a political rival of Santa Annas, elected to abandon San Angel and moved five miles south to a hill near the villages of Contreras and Padierna. Santa Annas orders for him to return to San Angel were refused and Valencia argued he was in a better position to defend or attack depending on the enemys course of action. Unwilling to mount a costly frontal assault on San Antonio, Scott began contemplating moving up the west side of the Pedregal. To scout the route, he dispatched Robert E. Lee, recently brevetted to major for his actions at Cerro Gordo, along with an infantry regiment and some dragoons west. Pressing into the Pedregal, Lee reached Mount Zacatepec where his men dispersed a group of Mexican guerrillas. Battle of Contreras - Americans on the Move: From the mountain, Lee was confident that the Pedregal could be crossed. Relating this to Scott, he convinced his commander to change the armys line of advance. The next morning, troops from Major General David Twiggs and Major General Gideon Pillows divisions moved out and began constructing a path along the route traced by Lee. In doing so, they were unaware of Valencias presence at Contreras. By early afternoon, they had reached a point past the mountain to where they could see Contreras, Padierna, and San Geronimo. Moving down the forward slope of the mountain, Twiggs men came under fire from Valencias artillery. Countering this, Twiggs advanced his own guns and returned fire. Taking overall command, Pillow directed Colonel Bennett Riley to take his brigade to the north and west. After crossing a small river they were to take San Geronimo and cut off the enemys line of retreat. Moving over rough terrain, Riley found no opposition and occupied the village. Valencia, engaged in the artillery duel, failed to see the American column. Concerned that Riley was isolated, Pillow later directed Brigadier General George Cadwaladers brigade and Colonel George Morgans 15th Infantry to join him. As the afternoon progressed, Riley scouted the rear of Valencias position. During this time, they also detected a large Mexican force moving south from San Angel. This was Santa Anna leading reinforcements forward. Seeing the plight of his comrades across the stream, Brigadier General Persifor Smith, whose brigade was supporting the guns that were firing on Valencia, began to fear for the safety of the American forces. Unwilling to directly assault Valencias position, Smith moved his men into the Pedregal and followed the route used earlier. Joining with the 15th Infantry shortly before sunset, Smith began planning an attack on the Mexican rear. This was ultimately called off du e to darkness. Battle of Contreras - A Quick Victory: To the north, Santa Anna, faced with a difficult road and a setting sun, elected to withdraw back to San Angel. This removed the threat to the Americans around San Geronimo. Consolidating the American forces, Smith spent the evening designing a dawn attack intended to strike the enemy from three sides. Desiring permission from Scott, Smith accepted Lees offer to cross the Pedregal in the darkness to take a message to their commander. Upon meeting Lee, Scott was pleased with the situation and directed him to find troops to support Smiths effort. Locating Brigadier General Franklin Pierces brigade (temporarily led by Colonel T.B. Ransom), it was ordered to demonstrate in front of Valencias lines at dawn. During the night, Smith ordered his men as well as Rileys and Cadwaladers to form for battle. Morgan was directed to cover the road north to San Angel while Brigadier General James Shields recently arrived brigade was to hold San Geronimo. In the Mexican camp, Valencias men were cold and tired having endured a long night. They were also increasingly concerned about the whereabouts of Santa Anna. At daybreak, Smith ordered the Americans to attack. Storming forward, they routed Valencias command in a fight that lasted only seventeen minutes. Many of the Mexicans attempted to flee north but were intercepted by Shields men. Rather than come to their assistance, Santa Anna continued falling back towards Churubusco. Battle of Contreras - Aftermath: The fighting at the Battle of Contreras cost Scott around 300 killed and wounded while Mexican losses numbered approximately 700 killed, 1,224 wounded, and 843 captured. Recognizing that the victory had unhinged the Mexican defenses in the area, Scott issued a flurry of orders following Valencias defeat. Among these were orders which countermanded earlier directives for Worths and Major General John Quitmans divisions to move west. Instead, these were ordered north towards San Antonio. Sending troops west into the Pedregal, Worth quickly outflanked the Mexican position and sent them reeling north. As the day progressed, American forces drove forward on both sides of the Pedregal in pursuit of the enemy. They would catch up with Santa Anna around noon at the Battle of Churubusco. Selected Source PBS: Battle of ContrerasBattle of Contreras: Official ReportBattle of Contreras - Map

Sexual Selection of African Cichlids Free Essays

Sexual selection: it is part of natural selection. Sexual selection acts on an organism’s ability to obtain or successfully couple with a mate. Selection makes many organisms go to extreme lengths in order to find a mate such as: peacocks need to develop a beautiful tail, elephant seals fight over territories†¦. We will write a custom essay sample on Sexual Selection of African Cichlids or any similar topic only for you Order Now Sexual selection is often powerful enough to produce features that are harmful to the individual’s survival. For example, extravagant and colorful tail feathers or fins are likely to attract predators as well as interested members of the opposite sex. In nature females always invest more energy into producing offspring than males invest, and as a result in most species females are a limiting resource that male have to compete for. In most cases it is the females who have a relatively larger investment in producing each offspring and in contrast sperm are cheaper than eggs. There is such a large production of sperm that a single male can easily fertilize all of female’s eggs. So clearly female will not produce more offspring by mating with more than one male since her eggs are the limiting factor where in contrast a male is capable of fathering more offspring if he mates with several females. Generally, a male’s potential reproductive success is limited by the number of females he mates with, whereas a female’s potential reproductive success is limited by how many eggs she can produce. This results in sexual selection, in which males compete with each other, and females become choosy in which males to mate with. As a result of being heterogamy, males are fundamentally less likely to stick to one female, and females are fundamentally selective when it comes down to selecting a mate. Sexual selection takes two major forms one is called intersexual selection and one is called intrasexual selection. intersexal selection is simply males competing with each other to be chosen by females. Intrasexual selection means that members of the less limited sex which are always males compete aggressively among themselves for access to the limiting sex the female. The limiting sex is the sex which has the higher parental investment, which therefore faces the most pressure to make a good mate decision. In his essay Emlen comes up with few hypotheses as to why or how natural selection may have shaped patterns of horn evolution in such a way as to generate divergence in horn morphology, change from one type to another. First we need to understand the benefit of having a particular horn type and how they’re used. One thing he presents is that eetles live underground, in the same cylindrical tunnel no matter if it’s in the hot desserts or tropical area, but male have to keep the tunnels defended against other males trying to invade it therefore horns have defensive and weaponry use. Next important idea that is brought up in his essay is the cost of having certain horns. At this point we don’t care about the benefit or function of the horns, the only thing matters is its trade-offs. The main reason for that is the growth and siz e of beetle horn can stunt the relative size of other morphological structures such as antenna, wings, and eyes. The first identified trade off was that males who possessed long horns also had small eyes. Based on his research he found a correlation between where the horn is located and the adjacent structure to it. After breeding beetles for multiple generations he realized that horns that grow on the center or front of the head affect the size of the antenna, horns that grow on the thorax affect the size of the wing, and finally horns that grow on the base of the head affect the eyes. How to cite Sexual Selection of African Cichlids, Papers

Appearance vs. Reality in Macbeth free essay sample

In life, Appearance is how and what someone appears to be; judging people on what is on the outside, it is basically how it seems. Reality is the real version of something to deal with. Appearance versus reality is a very important theme in William Shakespeare’s Macbeth. In this play, there are three characters that are deceived by what appears to be real, and the tragic consequences that follow this error in judgment. They are King Duncan, who trusted Macbeth too much; Lady Macbeth, who got tricked by the three witches and herself; and Macbeth, who got tricked by the witches and the people around him. King Duncan trusted Macbeth too much; Macbeth appears like a wounded captain’s account of his battlefield valor, our initial impression is of a brave and capable warrior in front of King Duncan. However, we were all deceived. In the first act, the traitor of Scotland, Macdonwald, who fought against King Duncan was defeated and killed by Macbeth. We will write a custom essay sample on Appearance vs. Reality in Macbeth or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page King Duncan states â€Å"Go pronounce his present death/ And with his former title greet Macbeth. † (Shakespeare 1. 2. 73-74). This quotation pictures King Duncan trusting Macbeth a lot and thining he is truly faithful because he was the hero of Scotland, so he gave Macbeth the title, Thane of Cawdor. However, in reality, Macbeth is not faithful to King Duncan. Macbeth led wicked thoughts by the prophecies of three witches, especially after their prophecy that he will become Thane of Cawdor and it came true. When Macbeth is back to in his castle, Lady Macbeth and him was planning to assassinate King Duncan; at the same time, King Duncan wanted to go to Macbeth’s castle to visit him. While King Duncan is on his way to Macbeth’s castle, he said: â€Å"This castle hath a pleasant seat; the air Nimbly and sweetly recommends itself Unto our gentle senses† (Shakespeare 1. 6. 1-3). This quotation shows that how appearance versus reality works. On the appearance side, King Duncan really likes Macbeth; he is praising that Macbeth’s castle is a pleasant place and the air is sweet, appeals to Macbeth refined senses and he feels that Macbeth’s place is very comfortable for him. In reality, he is actually going towards to his death because Macbeth is going to betray Duncan by assassinating him. When King Duncan arrived Macbeth’s castle, he said to Lady Macbeth â€Å"And his [Macbeth] great love, sharp as his spur, hath holp him† (Shakespeare, 1, 6, 24). This quotation is also showing appearance versus reality. King Duncan thinks Macbeth ran home and arrived to his castle before Duncan because Macbeth is showing his love and respect to Duncan. In reality, the real reason that Macbeth got home earlier is that Macbeth wanted to plan the assassination the King with his wife before King Duncan arrives to Macbeth’s castle. In conclusion, King Duncan trusted Macbeth too much and it shows appearance versus reality. The witches tricked Lady Macbeth. When Macbeth told her about his prophecy, Macbeth will become the king according to the three witches, she immediately thought that it will be perfect for her to be the queen if Macbeth actually becomes the King of Scotland. But then the King suddenly announced that his (King Duncan) eldest son, Malcolm, will become the next king. Lady Macbeth and Macbeth thought this was ridiculous, because Macbeth was supposed to become the next king; everything that they planned is ruined. So Lady Macbeth said â€Å"Look like the innocent flower/ But be the serpent under it. † (Shakespeare 1. 5. 72-73). The first quotation shows appearance versus reality. Lady Macbeth told Macbeth to appear like an innocent flower so he could get close to King Duncan, in reality is to be like the snake that hides underneath the flower so he can assassinate King Duncan easily. Lady Macbeth states: â€Å"All our service In every point twice done, and then done double, Were poor and single business to contend Against those honours deep and broad Where with your Majesty loads our house. † (Shakespeare 1. 6. 17-21) The second quotation illustrates that Lady Macbeth appears that she welcomes King Duncan to come to Macbeth’s castle and she was preparing everything to serve him with honor. In reality, all Lady Macbeth wants is to murder King Duncan so she could fulfill her plan of becoming the queen. Macduff said â€Å"O, gentle lady† (Shakespeare 2. 3. 86). The third quotation is shows appearance versus reality because Lady Macbeth appears like a gentle lady in front of Macduff but Lady Macbeth is totally not gentle, she is a tough, callous, evil and strong woman in reality. Therefore, Lady Macbeth got tricked by the witches and she herself and it is related to appearance versus reality. Appearance versus reality played a fallacious hand in Macbeth’s life, Macbeth got tricked by the witches; the witches told him (Macbeth) that he will become the next king. In the beginning of this play, Macbeth is a brave and powerful man; everyone thought he was a totally good person. Macbeth states: â€Å"Will all great Neptune’s ocean wash this blood [Duncan’s blood] Clean from my hand? No, this my hand will rather The multitudinous seas incarnadine, Making the green one red. † (Shakespeare 2. 2. 72-75) The first quotation is explaining that after Macbeth murdered King Duncan, his cousin, the seriousness of the crime of Macbeth was such a horrible act that nothing can wipe out the guilt inside his (Macbeth) heart, not even the Neptune’s ocean can clean Duncan’s blood from his hand; instead, it will stain the seas scarlet. On the other hand, Lady Macbeth said â€Å"A little water clears us of this deed† (Shakespeare 2. 2. 80). This quotation shows that for the outside of the world, Macbeth appears like a strong, powerful and bloody man, in reality Lady Macbeth is much more stronger, more tough, more violent and more aggressive. However, at the end of the play Lady Macbeth said â€Å"Here’s the smell of the blood still. / All the perfumes of Arabia will not sweeten this little hand. † (Shakespeare 5. 1. 43-44). This quotation is saying that Lady Macbeth felt guilty for what she have done earlier; convinced Macbeth to assassinate King Duncan. Overall one to say, Macbeth got tricked by the witches and led him to failure. In conclusion, the witches tricked Macbeth by leading him to fall in to their (the witches) trap; they told Macbeth’s prophecy that he would become the king, Macbeth used unscrupulous ways manipulate King Duncan, in order to be the king and that is the first step to fulfill the witches’ plan. The witches also deceived to trick Lady Macbeth. Macbeth told Lady Macbeth his prophecy and Lady Macbeth came up with the thought that it will be perfect for her to be the queen. Lady Macbeth fell in to the witches’ trap as well. King Duncan trusted Macbeth too much; Macbeth appears like a heroic captain wounded on the battlefield account, a bloody and strong solider. However, one might know that in fact he is an evil, horrible, and violent person. Therefore, appearance versus reality is demonstrated throughout the play of Macbeth.

Benefits of International Comm essays

Benefits of International Comm essays Conducting Business globally in todays society requires knowledge on technology. In the United Kingdom, UCI receives an award for business performance recognizes technologies that simultaneously enhance the environment, society and the economy. America can use a new technology like the new refrigeration systems which allow a coolant system and saves energy. Below is an excerpt from the article: 1(ICI's Uniqema Business Receives Queen's Award for Enterprise in Sustainable Development Category). Conducting business in the 21st century will depend on our ability to create products and services that generate economic prosperity and contribute to environmental quality in a socially responsible and equitable manner. To date, worldwide, more than 400 million refrigeration compressors have been filled with Uniqema's EMKARATE RL technology. Major environmental benefits have been realized in North America and Europe and parts of Asia, where a successful transition has been made away from ozone-depleting CFCs in refrigerant systems, with the developing world not far behind. In the area of reducing greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming, this technology has allowed a reduction of 3.3 million tonnes of carbon emissions in the USA and 23 million tonnes globally. There are many benefits ways to communicate through cultures. In the 21st century major business rely on cross-cultural Communication. After reading William Cruzs article on Communicating across Culture, I realized that there are a lot of benefits to doing this. The benefit that I think is most important to the business is to seeing how the differences in nonverbal communication styles cause misperceptions, misinterpretation and lead to misunderstanding. Not being able to understand someone gestures due to different culture styles will not help business. It is important fo ...

Free Essays on My Child

I sit and think about being pregnant at 18 everyday and often cry, I think people tend to look down on me, I feel sometimes like I’m just a statistic, I worry about not being a good mother, How I’m going to do this, There are times when I just wanted to give up†¦ But I never did, And I thank God for being there, And giving me the strength I needed to keep myself going, I’m grateful to have a family, Who is so supportive of me, Who never put me down or yelled at me for my decision, They and I kept myself motivated to be the best I could be, Whatever other people said, Meant nothing to me, When I saw my baby on the monitor at my first ultrasound, I woke up, I came home and cried, I realized that my child means the world to me, And nothing else matters anymore, I know it’s going to be hard, But I’m willing to do what it takes, Now, It kind of sent me for a twirl, But I can’t wait to hold my baby girl. -OR- And my life will be filled with joy, The moment I get to hold my beautiful baby boy.... Free Essays on My Child Free Essays on My Child I sit and think about being pregnant at 18 everyday and often cry, I think people tend to look down on me, I feel sometimes like I’m just a statistic, I worry about not being a good mother, How I’m going to do this, There are times when I just wanted to give up†¦ But I never did, And I thank God for being there, And giving me the strength I needed to keep myself going, I’m grateful to have a family, Who is so supportive of me, Who never put me down or yelled at me for my decision, They and I kept myself motivated to be the best I could be, Whatever other people said, Meant nothing to me, When I saw my baby on the monitor at my first ultrasound, I woke up, I came home and cried, I realized that my child means the world to me, And nothing else matters anymore, I know it’s going to be hard, But I’m willing to do what it takes, Now, It kind of sent me for a twirl, But I can’t wait to hold my baby girl. -OR- And my life will be filled with joy, The moment I get to hold my beautiful baby boy....

Green Hill Community Center Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Green Hill Community Center - Case Study Example According to Worth (2011), all nonprofit organizations must be managed except the very small organizations, in order to meet society’s demands and expectations as well as to avoid the risks to their survival. The nonprofit sector has gained augmented attention due to its dramatic growth and increased assets; it has gained the status of a consequential part of the economy that cannot be ignored (Craver, 2006). Therefore, the stakeholders including the legislature, media and civil society demand the accountability of the assets entrusted to the nonprofit organizations and results achieved through these assets (Worth, 2011). Analysis of Mission of the Greenhill Community Center According to Worth (2011), nonprofit organizations do not indulge in issuing stock shares or the distribution of surplus funds to shareholders and their main aim is to utilize available resources for achieving their mission. Every nonprofit organization must have a clear and concise mission statement and it should devise objectives to attain these aims (Chait, Ryan and Taylor, 2005). The case study clearly shows that Greenhill Community Center has a definite and well defined mission; the main focus of the center is to provide social services to the people of Coastal city. Its main aim is to provide human service programs based on learning and growth by maintaining an intergenerational setting; these programs are designed for the babies, school going children, elderly people etc and entail music classes, day care, after school programs and programs for elderly. The analysis of the case study indicates that staff, board members and trustees are working in order to achieve this aim on t heir respective levels. The mission of the nonprofit organization (NPO) is the most clear when it is founded, the founders are aware of the basic purpose of fundraising and the difference it is going to make (Herman and Heimovics, 2005). With the passage of time, the addition of new programs due to the changing environment and needs decreases the attention to the basic programs (Worth, 2011). The same is happening with the GCC, its focus has diverted towards management, financial and diversification problems due to the influx of refugees from Southeast Asia. Board Members Responsibilities and Governance Structure Worth (2011) illustrated that governing boards of a NPO were responsible for ensuring the achievement of mission as well as the overall welfare of the organization. In GCC, the responsibilities are divided among four board members and they are directors of their respective departments. These members are led by the chief executive; the governance structure of the GCC along w ith the responsibilities of four board members is shown in Fig 1. Figure 1: Organizational Structure of Greenhill Community Centre The board has important role to play in the fund-raising along with some trustees who take active part in the fund-raising. According to Worth (2011), most of the NPOs are termed as corporations and the members of the governing boards are termed as directors under the law, the same

Macroeconomics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 3

Macroeconomics - Essay Example The outcome of these models is a comprehensive understanding of the business cycles and the economic growth in the long run and the short run respectively. These results in turn help the government and the central bank of the economy to determine the policies that would be ideal for an economy in a particular scenario. The government of a country and the central bank act as the major policy making bodies in an economy and thus their roles in the molding of the economic system of a country are quite significant. This essay analyses some of the popular macroeconomic models that have been widely discussed over a long period of time. The analyses have been supported by the relevant figures, graphs and mathematical representations. However, before discussing the macroeconomic models it is essential to enumerate the basic concepts that would come up in any macroeconomic discussion. The most important macroeconomic variable is the national income of a country. It is the value added of the total goods and services produced in the specific duration of time. The total output translates to the income and therefore the national income is identified with the Gross Domestic Product of the economy (Arnold 113). The progress of an economy depends on the growth rate of this GDP. But there may not be a consistent level of growth in an economy. The variation in the growth rates are caused by the changes in the business cycles. The fall in the national product during any such cycle can be termed as recession. The other important variables include the rate of unemployment. This is the number of people in the economy who have the potential to get employed but have remained unemployed. On the other hand the increase in the price level of the economy is termed as inflation (Rossi 121). The monetary policy of an economy is a measure to control this

Ambitious Effects In Frankenstein English Literature Essay

Ambitious Effects In Frankenstein English Literature Essay In Mary Shelleys novel, Frankenstein, the book examines a variety of aspects of ambitionfor instance, with Victor, ambition proves to be his undoing, and, in turn, Victors example becomes a forewarning for Robert Walton; meanwhile, the Creature is, in a sense, Victors child and thus inherits facets of Victors ambitionbut because the Creature is also a conglomerate of all the humans who embody him, he is thereby also symbolic of Mankinds ambitions that do not fully come to realization nor fulfillment, which is why readers can identify with the Creatures tragic elements. Frankenstein explores the repercussion of man and monster chasing ambition blindly. Victor Frankenstein discovered the obscure secret that allowed him to create life. And after Frankenstein discovered the source of human life, he became utterly absorbed in his experimental creation of a human being and it consumed his life completely. Victors boundless ambition and his yearning to succeed in his efforts to create life, and to have his creation praise him as his creator for the life he gave it led him to find ruin and anguish at the end of his ambition. For this I had deprived myself of rest and health. I had desired it with an ardor that far exceeded moderation; but now that I had finished, the beauty of the dream vanished, and breathless horror and disgust filled my heart. (P. 42) Walton wanted to sail to the arctic because no other sailor had ever reached it or discovered its secrets. The monster was created against his will; his ambition was to requite his creation as an appalling outcast and to attain some satisfaction for crumbling the world around Victor. These three characters all acted upon the same blind ambition. Modern man is the monster, estranged from his creator-sometimes believing his own origins to be meaningless and accidental and full of rage at the conditions of his existence. Since the monster has no name of his own, hes not quite an autonomous fellow. Instead, he is bound to his creator. He is naught without Victor. He is as much a part of Frankenstein as he is his own self. The monster comes into the world by a pretty horrendous set of circumstances. He has the physique of a giant, yet a puerile mind. He has an amiable nature, yet his physical deformity hides his benevolence and makes everyone fear and abuse him. His own creator even rejected him because of his hideous looks. His feelings are the most deep and poignant of any characters in this novel, as well as the most conflicted. When I looked around I saw and heard of none like me. Was I, the, a monster, a blot upon the earth from which all men fled and whom all men disowned? (P. 105) To make matters more complicated, the mons ter is correlated to both Adam and Satan in Paradise Lost. This may seem slightly nebulous. The thing to keep in mind is that the idea at the heart of the monster is his duality. He has a very abstruse duality. He is at once man in his immaculate state before the Fall (the Fall = evil), and yet the manifestation of evil itself. This is starting to sound like Victor Frankenstein. Abstruse dualityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦conflicting characterizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦could it be that the monster mirrors his maker in his duality? Of course, the other reason the monster turns on humans is because Victor was his last tie to humanity. The monster is one of many people in this text that is affected by loneliness, isolation, and an all around desire for companionship. Victor may have scorned him, resented him, and tried repeatedly to eradicate him, but at least he talked to the monster. At least he recognized the monsters existence. And for a creature that spent most of his wretched life in hiding and ex ile, alone without anyone there for him, this can be pretty good reason to pursue Victor. Good or bad, Victor is the only relation hes ever had and he tries desperately to cling to this relationship. Do we accuse him? Do we spite him? Do we adore him? Hes tenderhearted. He articulates well with others and he even rescues a little girl from a river. He just gets the cruelty and hatred because hes ugly. Can we blame him if he lashes out in abrupt and absurdly violent ways? From that moment he declared everlasting war against the species, and more than all, against Frankenstein who had formed him and sent him forth to this insupportable misery. (P. 99) This sounds like more clashing emotions. Could it be that we, the reader, feel the equivalent duality of emotions that the monster and Victor feel for each other? One more thing, what does it mean that the monster is made out of dead-person pieces? If hes made up out of people, then hes essentially a person himself. But if theyre inert, then hes never really extant in the first place. You could also say that, since hes an aggregate of human parts, hes also a conglomerate of human traits. This might show us the nature of his complex duality. Modern man is also Frankenstein, furthermore estranged from his creator-usurping the powers of God and irresponsibly tinkering with nature, full of benign purpose and malignant results. Both Frankenstein and the monster begin with affable intentions and become murderers. The monster may seem more softhearted because he is by nature an outsider, whereas Frankenstein purposely removes himself from human society. When Frankenstein first becomes enthralled in his efforts to create life, collecting materials from the dissecting room and slaughterhouse, he breaks his ties with friends and family, becoming increasingly confined. His father reproaches him for this; eliciting Frankenstein to ask himself what his single-minded quest for knowledge has cost him, and whether or not it is morally acceptable. Looking back, he concludes that it is not, contrary to his credence at the time, If no man allowed any pursuit whatsoever to interfere with the tranquility of his domestic affections, Greece h ad not been enslaved; Caesar would have spared his country; America would have been discovered more gradually; and the empires of Mexico and Peru had not been destroyed. (p. 35). Natural world is like Eden and will be corrupted through too much knowledge (science). [ProofBiblical Conception of Knowledge; man evicted from paradise for knowing too much; Prometheus reined in by Gods; novel written in Romantic era which upholds the values that Progress is Dangerous and that there must be a return to Idealized Past]. Through Victor and Walton, Frankenstein represents human beings as deeply ambitious, and yet also deeply erroneous. The labors of men of genius, however erroneously directed, scarcely ever fail in ultimately turning to the solid advantage of mankind. (P. 29) Both Victor and Walton fantasize of transforming society and bringing prestige to themselves through their scientific conquests. Yet their ambitions also make them ignorant. Blinded by dreams of glory, they fail to consider the repercussions of their actions. So while Victor turns himself into a god, a creator, by bringing his monster to life, this only highlights his fallibility when he is ultima tely inept of fulfilling the obligation that a creator has to its creation. Victor thinks he will be like a god, but ends up the progenitor of a devil. Walton, at least, turns back from his quest to the North Pole before getting himself and his crew annihilated, after hearing Victors tale about the devastating aftermath of pushing the boundaries of exploration. I will not lead you on, unguarded and ardent as I then was, to your destruction and infallible misery. Learn from me, if not by my precepts, at least by my example, how dangerous is the acquirement of knowledge, and how much happier that man is who believes his native town to be the world, than he who aspires to become greater than his nature will allow. (P. 33) He learns from Victors tragedy. After Victor dies, he turns the ship back to England, trying not to make the same mistakes that Victor made in the obsessive compulsion that destroyed his life, but he does so with the resentful conclusion that he has been deprived of t he glory he originally sought. Frankenstein is an expostulation of humanity, specifically of the human concept of technical progress, science, and enlightenment, and a deeply humanistic effort full of empathy for the human state of our own condition. Victor is a brilliant, sentimental, visionary, and accomplished young man whose studies in natural philosophy (p. 31) and chemistry evolve from A fervent longing to penetrate the secrets of nature. (p. 22). As the novel develops and the plot thickens, Frankenstein and his monster oppose each other and fight one another for the portrayal of the main protagonist of the story. We are inclined to identify with Frankenstein, whose character is admired by his immaculate friends and family and even by the ship captain, who saves him, berserk by his pursuit for vengeance, from the ice floe. He is a human being, nevertheless. Notwithstanding, regardless of his humanitarian ambition to Banish disease from the human frame and render man invulnerable to any but a violent death! ( p. 43), Frankenstein becomes tangled in a hostile pursuit that causes him to destroy his own well-being and shun his fellow-creatures as ifguilty of a crime (p. 35). His irresponsibility is the stimulant, the foundation of what causes the death of those he loves most, and he falls under the ascendancy of his own creation and fails to break free from the chains that bind him. Neither Victor nor Walton could liberate themselves from their blinding ambitions, they made it seem that all men, and notably those who pursue to raise themselves up in renown above the rest of society and even god, are in fact impetuous and imperfect creatures with feeble and defective natures. We can all learn from Victors last words to Walton, Seek happiness in tranquility and avoid ambition, even if it be only the apparently innocent one of distinguishing yourself in science and discoveries. (P. 162)

For the Period Before 1750, Analyze the Ways in Which Britain’s Policy of Salutary Neglect Influenced the Devlopment of American Society Essay

For the Period Before 1750, Analyze the Ways in Which Britain’s Policy of Salutary Neglect Influenced the Devlopment of American Society as Illustrated in the Following: Legislative Assemblies, Commerce, Religion As soon as the Americas were discovered, tens of thousands of people wanted to migrate across the sea. The fastest the voyage could be made was approximately one or two months. Communication between the colonies and England was extremely difficult. The regulation of religion was basically impossible. Without the government to intervene, colonists were free to grow whatever they wished and do what they wished with their money. Also, it is exceedingly difficult to govern a colony from thousands of miles away, so the colonies needed to develop their own system of governing. Britain at this pointed adopted a policy of salutary neglect. Salutary neglect allowed the North American society to develop and change into something completely different from what it originally was in England. The land in the new world was found to be very good for farming. All of this new farmland was found to be viable and a great source for crops that were not able to be grown in England, such as tobacco and sugar cane. North American farmers were supposed to plant one acre of corn for every acre of tobacco they planted, but since it was such a cash crop and England was so far away, there was no way to enforce the rule. So much tobacco was made in fact, that the value of it dropped to the point where it was no longer profitable to grow. Farmers at this time did not fully understand supply and demand at this point so they just kept growing it. In the West Indies they would grow sugar cane. This was a valuable crop that sold for high prices in England. Religion in the colonies was freer and more persecution free than ever. While religious persecution still existed, it was much milder and there were many places one could go to escape persecution. The Church of England had no effective form of power in the colonies, so they could not enforce the church upon the colonists in the area. Meanwhile, areas such as Rhode Island had extremely tolerant policies of religion and even allowed those who did not believe in the divinity of Jesus to live there without fear. Even atheists and Jews could escape persecution. With the monarchy so far overseas, the colonies did have to develop their own self-governance. This was prominently seen in the Virginia colony with the House of Burgesses. The House of Burgesses was the first example of self-governing in the colonies. It served as a template for which a colonial government should be created. The House of Burgesses was made up of the Royal Governor and his appointed council of leading plantation owners. The HOB was able to legislate and create laws for the Virginia colony and was a viable replacement for the English government well into the seventeenth century. Another example of government in the colonies can be seen aboard the Mayflower. The Mayflower landed very far from their intended destination so they had no form of regulation or anything to guide themselves by. They decided upon and wrote the Mayflower Compact. The Mayflower Compact was an agreement between the 102 settlers on the Mayflower to form a crude government such that they could func tion properly until a proper government could be established. Salutary Neglect means the beneficial ignorance of something. When England practiced salutary neglect towards the colonies, it allowed American society to flourish and it provided an easy ruling for the English while still technically controlling the colonies.

Leadership In The Military

There is surely no more talent nor more hope for the future than right here in this room. I envy you and I wish I could trade places with you, but at the same time, looking at all of you I am supremely confident that here among you sit the future great captains of our military and that we can all be very confident about tomorrow. And I am convinced that if he were alive today, Gen. Marshall would be right here, for there is nothing that that great soldier loved more than to talk about service and to talk about leadership.As he himself once said on a similar occasion, looking across a room full of future leaders, â€Å"You're young,† he said, â€Å"and you're vigorous, and your service will be the foundation for peace and prosperity throughout the world. † Certainly as I look at you the same is true this morning. Truly you here in this room are our future. And it is most fitting for us to come together right here in these very halls where George Marshall once walked to h onor him and to reflect on his great contributions and to share some thoughts on leadership.If you were to think back over this century, you would realize very quickly that our Army has produced some truly remarkable military leaders. I am confident that if I were to ask all of you to take pen to paper and to write down the names of the great Army leaders of this century, you would be at it for a very long time, and when you were done, the lists that you produced would be very long. Just to name the most famous, there was, of course, Black Jack Pershing, Omar Bradley, George Patton, Dwight Eisenhower, Douglas MacArthur, Lightning Joe Collins and most recently two of my former bosses, Norman Schwarzkopf and Colin Powell.Each of these officers was remarkably gifted. But if you study them closely, you realize that each was very different, that the fame they acquired had very different roots. Omar Bradley — simple, unadorned, humble, but of them all he was the soldier's soldier à ¢â‚¬â€ loved by his subordinates and considered by Eisenhower to be the boldest and most dogged of his Army group commanders. Or there was Eisenhower himself, a leader of incalculable depth, intricacy and complexity.Some say his outward appearance and reputation were those of an officer who compromised easily, and who others thought was only thinly grounded in the knowledge of war fighting, but one with a keen sense for what it took to maintain cohesion within our W[orld] W[ar] II coalition. But if you were to look closer, you would discover that these were the traits Eisenhower wanted others to believe, for he was surrounded by huge egos, both among the talented commanders in his theater and among the nations that comprised our alliance.Quite contrary to these assertions, he held deep convictions, and he never ceded or compromised any point that he felt important. Our campaign to seize Europe from the Nazis was the very campaign he visualized at the start of the war back in 1942, a plan for which at first there was only lukewarm support among American leaders and nearly total opposition from our British allies.Yet when it was done, it was Eisenhower's approach we executed, and it was militarily brilliant. And any study of our great generals must include that incredible warrior, George Patton, a tenacious and hard-bitten fighter who felt the pulse and flow of the battlefield in his veins, who had an innate knack for inspiring soldiers to fight beyond all limits of their endurance, but also a soldier with a renowned appetite for fame and approval.And we could talk about so many others, for our Army has produced such a rich abundance of talented leaders. But there is one giant who stands above them all. That officer was, of course, George Catlett Marshall. More than any soldier of this century, I'm convinced Marshall epitomized the qualities that we want in our leaders. He had MacArthur's brilliance and courtliness. He had Patton's tenacity and drive. He had Br adley's personal magnetism, the  ability to inspire confidence and deep affection from any who came into his presence.But more than that, Marshall had the organizational skills that in a few short years converted an Army of only several hundred thousand, with only a handful of modern weapons and no modern battlefield experience, into an Army of over 8 million — the best equipped, the best fighting army in the world, an army that defeated the two most powerful empires of its time.More than that, he had a rare intuition, a nearly flawless inner sense for other men's strengths that allowed him to see the spark of leadership in others, and when he saw that spark, to place such men into key assignments and then to fully support their efforts. He did that time and again, hundreds of times, with remarkable accuracy. And as we learned after the war, he was as well perhaps the greatest statesman and visionary of his age.All of us should remember that the occupations of Germany and J apan were commanded by military officers, but we should also remember that the architect of these occupations was Marshall. But even beyond this, in 1948, with a few words uttered in a speech at Harvard, Marshall put in motion the plan that would rebuild Western Europe, that would recover its people from enormous poverty, that would reweave the entire tapestry of nations from the conflict-addicted patterns of the past to what we see today: a Western Europe poised on the edge of becoming a cohesive union of nations.What an accomplishment! It is staggering to think of what this one officer accomplished in his career of service to his nation. But most humbling is to realize that to his death Marshall remained an entirely selfless man, a man who returned to service even from a well-deserved and long-sought retirement because a president requested him to do so, a man who never, ever exploited his reputation for any personal gain. If we were to ask a sculptor to produce a bust of a great leader and  described to that sculptor all of the traits and qualities that that bust should reflect, I have absolutely no doubt that that bust would look exactly like Gen. George C. Marshall.And so for those of us like you and I, who make soldiering our way of life, it is always instructive to take the time to reflect on Gen. Marshall's career, for by so doing we are reminded of much that we should try to emulate. But you are here for a different reason. You are here because I think you worry about these next steps for you, which will lead to a gold bar of a second lieutenant.I doubt very much that you are searching for answers about how to mobilize for war, how to free an enslaved Europe or how to rebuild a destroyed nation, although some day your country may ask just that from you. If you are like I was when I waited to pin on my lieutenant's bars, your thoughts are more about the challenges of a platoon leader than those of a general. The other week while a guest on Larry King 's show, Larry asked me when I first thought of becoming a general and the chairman of the Joint Chiefs. The answer was very simple.I told him that when I was a private my ambition was to become a good one so someday I could become a good corporal. And when 36 years ago, in 1959, the year that Gen. Marshall died, I was commissioned a second lieutenant and shipped off to Fairbanks, Alaska, and became a platoon leader in the mortar battery of the 1st Battle Group of the 9th Infantry, my thoughts were certainly not on becoming a general or colonel or major or even a captain!My thoughts were on becoming a good platoon leader, about being up to the challenge of leading my soldiers, about not making a fool of myself in front of Sgt.1st Class Grice, the platoon sergeant of that first platoon of mine. And I was right to concentrate on the job at hand, for the job of a lieutenant is a tough one — in many ways, perhaps, the toughest one — but it is without a doubt also the most important, and if you take to it, also the most rewarding. I was very fortunate, because I had Sergeant Grice to guide me and to teach me. And teach and guide me he did, without ever making me feel inadequate and without ever permitting me to be ill-prepared, because he was the best!And if there is one thing I wish for each and every one of you, it is a Sergeant Grice to teach you about soldiers, about leaders, and the responsibilities and joys of soldiering together. Not everyone is as blessed as I was; not everyone finds his Sergeant Grice, and many don't not because he isn't there, but because unknowingly and foolishly they push him away. Don't do that. Look for your Sergeant Grice; NCOs have so very much to teach us. Well, what did I learn from Sergeant Grice?Certainly more than I have time to tell you here, and also because many helpful hints have probably by now faded from my memory. But what I learned then and what has been reinforced in the 36 years since is that good leader ship, whether in the world of a lieutenant or in the world of a general, is based essentially on three pillars. These three pillars he taught me are character, love and care for soldiers, and professional competence. Oh, Sergeant Grice didn't exactly use these terms, but what he believed and what he taught me fit very neatly into these three pillars.He used to say that if the platoon ever sensed that I wasn't up front with them, if they ever believed I did something so I would look good at their expense, I would very quickly lose them. How right he was. Often he would say, â€Å"Look down. Worry about what your soldiers think. Don't worry about looking up, about what the captain thinks of you. † He never said it, that's not the kind of relationship that he and I had, but I knew that if I ever said something to the platoon or to him that wasn't the absolute truth, he would never trust me again and I would be finished as a platoon leader.I would be finished as a leader. Someone once said that men of genius are admired, men of wealth are envied men of power are feared but only men of character are trusted. Without trust you cannot lead. I have never seen a good unit where the leaders weren't trusted. It's just that simple. And it isn't enough that you say the right things. What counts in a platoon is not so much what you say, but what they see you do. Gen. Powell, speaking here a few years ago, put it this way: â€Å"If you want them to work hard and endure hardship,† he observed, â€Å"you must work even harder and endure even greater hardship.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"They must see you sacrifice for them,† he said. They must see you do the hard things, they must see you giving credit to the platoon for something good you did, and they must see you take the blame for something they hadn't gotten just right. But Sergeant Grice also understood that hand in hand with character, with this inner strength that soldiers will want to see, they will also want to know and see that you really care for them, that you will sacrifice for them, that you simply enjoy being with them. Words won't get you through there, either.If you don't feel it in your heart, if you don't love your soldiers in your heart, they will know it. How often Sergeant Grice would prod me to spend the extra time to get to know the members of the platoon better, to know who needed extra training and coaching so he could fire expert on the rifle range the next time around; to talk to Pvt. Taylor, who just received a â€Å"Dear John† letter; to visit Cpl. Vencler and his wife, who had a sick child. Every day you will have soldiers who will need your care, your concern and your help.They expect and, I tell  you, they have the right to expect, 150 percent of your time and best effort. And how well I remember those evenings in the field when Sergeant Grice and I would stand in the cold, with a cup of coffee in our hands trying to warm our frozen fingers, watching the p latoon go through the chow line. Grice taught me that simple but long-standing tradition that officers go to the very end of the chow line, that the officer is the last one to eat, that the officer will take his or her first bite only after the last soldier has had a chance to eat.This tradition, as you so well know, is founded in the understanding that leaders place the welfare of their people above their own, that the officer is responsible for the welfare of the troops; that if mismanagement results in a shortage of food to feed the entire unit, that the officer will go without; that if the food gets cold while the unit is being served, that the officer will get the chilliest portion. It is a tradition that surprises many officers from other nations, but it goes to the core of the kind of leadership we provide our soldiers. But caring for our soldiers does not stop at the chow line.Nor, for that matter, does it stop with the soldiers themselves, for you know that our units are fa milies, and a soldier must have the trust that you will take care of his family, particularly when he's away from home. But caring for soldiers actually starts with making them the best possible soldiers they can be. Their satisfaction with themselves, their confidence in themselves and in the end, their lives will depend upon how well you do that part. And that perhaps is your greatest challenge as a lieutenant. It is hard work, and make no mistake about it, there are no shortcuts.But what a joy it is to watch or to talk to young men and women in uniform, who know that they are the best because a Sergeant Grice and his or her lieutenant cared to teach them and to work with them and to make them reach for the highest standards. Which brings me to the third pillar I spoke of, and that is your professional competence. As we look back on Marshall and on Patton and on MacArthur and all of the others, we realize that the skills and qualities and knowledge that made them great generals to ok decades of training, of experience and of evolution.For all of the differences between these leaders there is one thing that they had in common. Their careers were marked by a progression of difficult assignments and intense study. Always they were a snapshot of a masterpiece still in progress, still in motion. From the beginning of their careers to the end, each of them was continually applying new brushstrokes to their knowledge and to their skills. And Grice understood that very well, although he had different words for it.He knew that if our platoon was going to be good at occupying a position and firing our mortars, at hastily leaving our position should enemy artillery have found our location, at the countless things that would make us a finely honed war-fighting machine, then he had to show me, he had to teach me and to practice with me, so that when I walked that gun line the soldiers would know that I knew more than they; that if I asked them how to cut a mortar fuse, th ere was no doubt that I would know the answer, just as I would know if there was too much play in the sight mount on that mortar.And I had to feel confident that knew before they would feel confident with me. In every good leader I have met in my years of service there always was the evidence of these three qualities: character, love for soldiers and professional competence. And because they possessed these qualities, they managed to inspire their soldiers to have confidence in them. And you know, the truly great ones like George C. Marshall did not only inspire soldiers to have confidence in their leaders, but they also inspired their soldiers to have confidence in themselves.With that, let me close. As I told you in the beginning, I am deeply envious of each of you. Since the days when I first put on my uniform, I fell in love with soldiering and with soldiers, and it has been for me, by any measure, a great passion. If I could start all over today, I would not hesitate for a sing le second. I would go out and I would find old Sergeant Grice and we would be ready tomorrow morning! Good luck to you all. I envy you. Leadership in the Military There is surely no more talent nor more hope for the future than right here in this room. I envy you and I wish I could trade places with you, but at the same time, looking at all of you I am supremely confident that here among you sit the future great captains of our military and that we can all be very confident about tomorrow.And I am convinced that if he were alive today, Gen. Marshall would be right here, for there is nothing that that great soldier loved more than to talk about service and to talk about leadership.As he himself once said on a similar occasion, looking across a room full of future leaders, â€Å"You're young,† he said, â€Å"and you're vigorous, and your service will be the foundation for peace and prosperity throughout the world.† Certainly as I look at you the same is true this morning.Truly you here in this room are our future. And it is most fitting for us to come together right here in these very halls where George Marshall once walked to hono r him and to reflect on his great contributions and to share some thoughts on leadership.If you were to think back over this century, you would realize very quickly that our Army has produced some truly remarkable military leaders.I am confident that if I were to ask all of you to take pen to paper and to write down the names of the great Army leaders of this century, you would be at it for a very long time, and when you were done, the lists that you produced would be very long.Just to name the most famous, there was, of course, Black Jack Pershing, Omar Bradley, George Patton, Dwight Eisenhower, Douglas MacArthur, Lightning Joe Collins and most recently two of my former bosses, Norman Schwarzkopf and Colin Powell.Each of these officers was remarkably gifted. But if you study them closely, you realize that each was very different, that the fame they acquired had  very different roots. Omar Bradley — simple, unadorned, humble, but of them all he was the soldier's soldier â⠂¬â€ loved by his subordinates and considered by Eisenhower to be the boldest and most dogged of his Army group commanders.Or there was Eisenhower himself, a leader of incalculable depth, intricacy and complexity. Some say his outward appearance and reputation were those of an officer who compromised easily, and who others thought was only thinly grounded in the knowledge of war fighting, but one with a keen sense for what it took to maintain cohesion within our W[orld] W[ar] II coalition.But if you were to look closer, you would discover that these were the traits Eisenhower wanted others to believe, for he was surrounded by huge egos, both among the talented commanders in his theater and among the nations that comprised our alliance. Quite contrary to these assertions, he held deep convictions, and he never ceded or compromised any point that he felt important.Our campaign to seize Europe from the Nazis was the very campaign he visualized at the start of the war back in 1942, a p lan for which at first there was only lukewarm support among American leaders and nearly total opposition from our British allies. Yet when it was done, it was Eisenhower's approach we executed, and it was militarily brilliant.And any study of our great generals must include that incredible warrior, George Patton, a tenacious and hard-bitten fighter who felt the pulse and flow of the battlefield in his veins, who had an innate knack for inspiring soldiers to fight beyond all limits of their endurance, but also a soldier with a renowned appetite for fame and approval.And we could talk about so many others, for our Army has produced such a rich abundance of talented leaders. But there is one giant who stands above them all. That officer was, of course, George Catlett Marshall. More than any soldier of this century, I'm convinced Marshall epitomized the qualities that we want in our leaders. He had MacArthur's brilliance and courtliness. He had Patton's tenacity and drive. He had Bradl ey's personal magnetism, the  ability to inspire confidence and deep affection from any who came into his presence.But more than that, Marshall had the organizational skills that in a few short years converted an Army of only several hundred thousand, with only a handful of modern weapons and no modern battlefield experience, into an Army of over 8 million — the best equipped, the best fighting army in the world, an army that defeated the two most powerful empires of its time.More than that, he had a rare intuition, a nearly flawless inner sense for other men's strengths that allowed him to see the spark of leadership in others, and when he saw that spark, to place such men into key assignments and then to fully support their efforts. He did that time and again, hundreds of times, with remarkable accuracy.And as we learned after the war, he was as well perhaps the greatest statesman and visionary of his age. All of us should remember that the occupations of Germany and Japa n were commanded by military officers, but we should also remember that the architect of these occupations was Marshall.But even beyond this, in 1948, with a few words uttered in a speech at Harvard, Marshall put in motion the plan that would rebuild Western Europe, that would recover its people from enormous poverty, that would reweave the entire tapestry of nations from the conflict-addicted patterns of the past to what we see today: a Western Europe poised on the edge of becoming a cohesive union of nations. What an accomplishment!It is staggering to think of what this one officer accomplished in his career of service to his nation. But most humbling is to realize that to his death Marshall remained an entirely selfless man, a man who returned to service even from a well-deserved and long-sought retirement because a president requested him to do so, a man who never, ever exploited his reputation for any personal gain.If we were to ask a sculptor to produce a bust of a great leade r and described to that sculptor all of the traits and qualities that that bust should reflect, I have absolutely no doubt that that bust would look exactly like Gen. George C. Marshall.And so for those of us like you and I, who make soldiering our way of life, it is always instructive to take the time to reflect on Gen. Marshall's career, for by so doing we are reminded of much that we should try to emulate.But you are here for a different reason. You are here because I think you worry about these next steps for you, which will lead to a gold bar of a second lieutenant. I doubt very much that you are searching for answers about how to mobilize for war, how to free an enslaved Europe or how to rebuild a destroyed nation, although some day your country may ask just that from you.If you are like I was when I waited to pin on my lieutenant's bars, your thoughts are more about the challenges of a platoon leader than those of a general.The other week while a guest on Larry King's show, L arry asked me when I first thought of becoming a general and the chairman of the Joint Chiefs. The answer was very simple. I told him that when I was a private my ambition was to become a good one so someday I could become a good corporal. And when 36 years ago, in 1959, the year that Gen. Marshall died, I was commissioned a second lieutenant and shipped off to Fairbanks, Alaska, and became a platoon leader in the mortar battery of the 1st Battle Group of the 9th Infantry, my thoughts were certainly not on becoming a general or colonel or major or even a captain!My thoughts were on becoming a good platoon leader, about being up to the challenge of leading my soldiers, about not making a fool of myself in front of Sgt. 1st Class Grice, the platoon sergeant of that first platoon of mine.And I was right to concentrate on the job at hand, for the job of a lieutenant is a tough one — in many ways, perhaps, the toughest one — but it is without a doubt also the most important , and if you take to it, also the most rewarding.I was very fortunate, because I had Sergeant Grice to guide me and to teach me. And teach and guide me he did, without ever making me feel inadequate and without ever permitting me to be ill-prepared, because he was the best!And if there is one thing I wish for each and every one of you, it is a Sergeant Grice to teach you about soldiers, about leaders, and the responsibilities and joys of soldiering together. Not everyone is as blessed as I was; not everyone finds his Sergeant Grice, and many don't not because he isn't there, but because unknowingly and foolishly they push him away. Don't do that. Look for your Sergeant Grice; NCOs have so very much to teach us.Well, what did I learn from Sergeant Grice? Certainly more than I have time to tell you here, and also because many helpful hints have probably by now faded from my memory.But what I learned then and what has been reinforced in the 36 years since is that good leadership, wheth er in the world of a lieutenant or in the world of a general, is based essentially on three pillars.These three pillars he taught me are character, love and care for soldiers, and professional competence.Oh, Sergeant Grice didn't exactly use these terms, but what he believed and what he taught me fit very neatly into these three pillars.He used to say that if the platoon ever sensed that I wasn't up front with them, if they ever believed I did something so I would look good at their expense, I would very quickly lose them. How right he was.Often he would say, â€Å"Look down. Worry about what your soldiers think. Don't worry about looking up, about what the captain thinks of you.†He never said it, that's not the kind of relationship that he and I had, but I knew that if I ever said something to the platoon or to him that wasn't the absolute truth, he would never trust me again and I would be finished as a platoon leader. I would be finished as a leader.Someone once said that men of genius are admired, men of wealth are envied men of power are feared but only men of character are trusted. Without trust you cannot lead. I have never seen a good unit where the leaders weren't trusted. It's just that simple.And it isn't enough that you say the right things. What counts in a platoon is not so much what you say, but what they see you do.Gen. Powell, speaking here a few years ago, put it this way: â€Å"If you want them to work hard and endure hardship,† he observed, â€Å"you must work even harder and endure even greater hardship.† â€Å"They must see you sacrifice for them,† he said. They must see you do the hard things, they must see you giving credit to the platoon for something good you did, and they must see you take the blame for something they hadn't gotten just right.But Sergeant Grice also understood that hand in hand with character, with this inner strength that soldiers will want to see, they will also want to know and see that you really care for them, that you will sacrifice for them, that you simply enjoy being with them. Words won't get you through there, either. If you don't feel it in your heart, if you don't love your soldiers in your heart, they will know it.How often Sergeant Grice would prod me to spend the extra time to get to know the members of the platoon better, to know who needed extra training and coaching so he could fire expert on the rifle range the next time around; to talk to Pvt. Taylor, who just received a â€Å"Dear John† letter; to visit Cpl. Vencler and his wife, who had a sick child. Every day you will have soldiers who will need your care, your concern and your help. They expect and, I tell you, they have the right to expect, 150 percent of your time and best effort.And how well I remember those evenings in the field when Sergeant Grice and I would stand in the cold, with a cup of coffee in our hands trying to warm our frozen fingers, watching the platoon go through the chow line. Grice taught me that simple but long-standing tradition that officers go to the very end of the chow line, that the officer is the last one to eat, that the officer will take his or her first bite only after the last soldier has had a chance to eat.This tradition, as you so well know, is founded in the understanding that leaders place the welfare of their people above their own, that the officer is responsible for the welfare of the troops; that if mismanagement results in a shortage of food to feed the entire unit, that the officer will go without; that if the food gets cold while the unit is being served, that the officer will get the chilliest portion. It is a tradition that surprises many officers from other nations, but it goes to the core of the kind of leadership we provide our soldiers.But caring for our soldiers does not stop at the chow line. Nor, for that matter, does it stop with the soldiers themselves, for you know that our units are families, and a soldier must have the trust that you will take care of his family, particularly when he's away from home.But caring for soldiers actually starts with making them the best possible soldiers they can be. Their satisfaction with themselves, their confidence in themselves and in the end, their lives will depend upon how well you do that part. And that perhaps is your greatest challenge as a lieutenant. It is hard work, and make no mistake about it, there are no shortcuts.But what a joy it is to watch or to talk to young men and women in uniform, who know that they are the best because a Sergeant Grice and his or her lieutenant cared to teach them and to work with them and to make them reach for the highest standards.Which brings me to the third pillar I spoke of, and that is your professional competence. As we look back on Marshall and on Patton and on MacArthur and all of the others, we realize that the skills and qualities and knowledge that made them great generals took decades of training, of experience and of evolution. For all of the differences between these leaders there is one thing that they had in common. Their careers were marked by a progression of difficult assignments and intense study. Always they were a snapshot of a masterpiece still in progress, still in motion.From the beginning of their careers to the end, each of them was continually applying new brushstrokes to their knowledge and to their skills.And Grice understood that very well, although he had different words for it. He knew that if our platoon was going to be good at occupying a position and firing our mortars, at hastily leaving our position should enemy artillery have found our location, at the countless things that would make us a finely honed war-fighting machine, then he had to show me, he had to teach me and to practice with me, so that when I walked that gun line the soldiers would know that I knew more than they; that if I asked them how to cut a mortar fuse, there was no doubt that I would know the answer, just as I would know if there was too much play in the sight mount on that mortar. And I had to feel confident that knew before they would feel confident with me.In every good leader I have met in my years of service there always was the evidence of these three qualities: character, love for soldiers and professional competence. And because they possessed these qualities, they managed to inspire their soldiers to have confidence in them.And you know, the truly great ones like George C. Marshall did not only inspire soldiers to have confidence in their leaders, but they also inspired their soldiers to have confidence in themselves.With that, let me close. As I told you in the beginning, I am deeply envious of each of you. Since the days when I first put on my uniform, I fell in love with soldiering and with soldiers, and it has been for me, by any measure, a great passion.If I could start all over today, I would not hesitate for a single second. I would go out and I would find old Sergeant Grice and we would be ready tomorrow morning!Good luck to you all. I envy you.